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1.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-623501

ABSTRACT

Viruses depend on cell metabolism for their own propagation. The need to foster an intimate relationship with the host has resulted in the development of various strategies designed to help virus escape from the defense mechanisms present in the host. Over millions of years, the unremitting battle between pathogens and their hosts has led to changes in evolution of the immune system. Snake venoms are biological resources that have antiviral activity, hence substances of significant pharmacological value. The biodiversity in Brazil with respect to snakes is one of the richest on the planet; nevertheless, studies on the antiviral activity of venom from Brazilian snakes are scarce. The antiviral properties of snake venom appear as new promising therapeutic alternative against the defense mechanisms developed by viruses. In the current study, scientific papers published in recent years on the antiviral activity of venom from various species of snakes were reviewed. The objective of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of resistance developed by viruses and the components of snake venoms that present antiviral activity, particularly, enzymes, amino acids, peptides and proteins.


Subject(s)
Animals , Crotalid Venoms , Drug Resistance, Viral
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(6): 801-807, June 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-428281

ABSTRACT

Piplartine {5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl]-2(1H)pyridinone} and piperine {1-5-(1,3)-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]piperidine} are alkaloid amides isolated from Piper. Both have been reported to show cytotoxic activity towards several tumor cell lines. In the present study, the in vivo antitumor activity of these compounds was evaluated in 60 female Swiss mice (N = 10 per group) transplanted with Sarcoma 180. Histopathological and morphological analyses of the tumor and the organs, including liver, spleen, and kidney, were performed in order to evaluate the toxicological aspects of the treatment with these amides. Administration of piplartine or piperine (50 or 100 mg kg-1 day-1 intraperitoneally for 7 days starting 1 day after inoculation) inhibited solid tumor development in mice transplanted with Sarcoma 180 cells. The inhibition rates were 28.7 and 52.3 percent for piplartine and 55.1 and 56.8 percent for piperine, after 7 days of treatment, at the lower and higher doses, respectively. The antitumor activity of piplartine was related to inhibition of the tumor proliferation rate, as observed by reduction of Ki67 staining, a nuclear antigen associated with G1, S, G2, and M cell cycle phases, in tumors from treated animals. However, piperine did not inhibit cell proliferation as observed in Ki67 immunohistochemical analysis. Histopathological analysis of liver and kidney showed that both organs were reversibly affected by piplartine and piperine treatment, but in a different way. Piperine was more toxic to the liver, leading to ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, accompanied by microvesicular steatosis in some areas, than piplartine which, in turn, was more toxic to the kidney, leading to discrete hydropic changes of the proximal tubular and glomerular epithelium and tubular hemorrhage in treated animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Alkaloids/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Benzodioxoles/therapeutic use , Piper/chemistry , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Piperidones/therapeutic use , Polyunsaturated Alkamides/therapeutic use , /drug therapy , Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Alkaloids/toxicity , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity , Benzodioxoles/isolation & purification , Benzodioxoles/toxicity , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/pathology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Neoplasm Transplantation , Piperidines/isolation & purification , Piperidines/toxicity , Piperidones/isolation & purification , Piperidones/toxicity , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plant Roots/chemistry , Polyunsaturated Alkamides/isolation & purification , Polyunsaturated Alkamides/toxicity , /pathology , Spleen/drug effects , Spleen/pathology
3.
Biol. Res ; 28(2): 141-53, 1995.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-228558

ABSTRACT

Transgenic mice and rabbits were generated using a chimeric gene comprising the human erythropoietin (hEPO) cDNA under the 5' and 3' regulatory sequences of the rabbit whey acidic protein gene. Transgenic mice expressed hEPO at levels of 0.01 mg/l in the milk of lactating females showing that the genetic construct was functional. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with RNA from various tissues showed that this transgene was expressed mainly in the ovary and mammary gland. In rabbits, we demonstrated the germ line transmission of the transgene. The hEPO was obtained in the milk of lactating females at levels of up to 0.0003 mg/l. Although the expression levels were low, biologically active hEPO was obtained in the milk of transgenic rabbits without any apparent detrimental effect for the animals. In vitro, the specific activity of the rabbit-derived hEPO was higher than that reported for the natural hEPO, thus suggesting differences in the glycosylation pattern in at least part of the molecules secreted by the mammary gland of transgenic rabbits


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Rabbits , Animals, Genetically Modified/genetics , Erythropoietin/biosynthesis , Lactation/genetics , Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism , Mice, Transgenic/genetics , DNA, Complementary/genetics
5.
Biotecnol. apl ; 8(1): 8-19, ene.-abr. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-97046

ABSTRACT

Se obtuvieron ratones transgénicos que incorporaron a su genoma la construcción híbrida conformado por el gen de la hormona del crecimiento humana bajo el control del promotor de la metalotioneina-I de ratón. Una alta eficiencia en la generación de los ratones transgénicos (45 %) fue alcanzada. Tanto los transgénicos fundadores (FO) como una línea de primera generación (F1) obtenida, expresan en el suero la hormona de crecimiento humana y presentan un notable incremento de peso corporal (hasta 2,03 veces)en comparación con sus hermanos no transgénicos


Subject(s)
Genomic Library , Growth Hormone , Mice, Transgenic
6.
Biotecnol. apl ; 8(1): 90-4, ene.-abr. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-97054

ABSTRACT

La microinyección pronuclear de ADN en embriones unicelulares se ha empleado para la generación de bovinos transgénicos (Roschlau et al 1988, Purcel et al, 1989). Recientemente se reportó que los espermatozoides maduros son capaces de capturar moléculas de ADN en suspensión y se obtuvieron ratones transgénico utilizando las cálulas espermáticas como vectores (Lavitran et al, 1989). Nosotros demostramos que esoermatozoides maduros de varias especies animales, incluido bovinos, son capaces de asociar moléculas en suspensión (Castro et al. 1990). En este trabajo reportamos la encubación de moléculas de ADN con espermatozoides bovinos y su empleo en la Inseminación artificial de tres vacas superovuladas. Los blastocitos fueron recuperados 11 dias después de la Inseminación y se extrajo el ADN de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). En dos animales se encontraron blastoscistos transgénicos portadores del ADN foráneo. Esto permite considerar los espermatozoides como un posible vehículo para transferencia de ADN en bovinos


Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Cattle , Protein Biosynthesis , Spermatozoa
7.
Biotecnol. apl ; 8(1): 108-12, ene.-abr. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-97057

ABSTRACT

Se aparearon ratones machos BALB/c con hembras de la linea heterocigótica OF-1. La progenic hibrida obtenida (OFBALBF1) fue evaluada con respecto a: 1) número de crias por camadas, 2) velocidad de crecimiento, 3) capacidad de producción de ascitis tumoral a partir de hibridomas secretores de anticuerpos monoclonales (AcM). Se estudiaron los mismos paramétros para ratones consanguineos BALB/c. El número de crias por parto en el cruce OFBALB(F1) fue significativamente superior que en la linea BALB/c (12.4 ñ 2,1 vs 6,0 ñ 0,8 P <0,001). Los ratones hibridos OFBALB (F1) alcanzan un peso de 23-28 g en un tiempo de 8 semanas contra 14-16 g para los BALB/c en el mismo período de tiempo. Dos hibridomas secretores de AcM fueron empleados para la producción de ascitis tumoral en ratones hibridos OFBALB(F1) y BALB/c. El porcentaje de prendimiento de los hibridomas fue mejor en los ratones BALB/c. Los rendimientos en términos de volumen de ascitis por animal fueron hasta 2, 88 veces superiores en los ratones OFBALB(F1), sin diferencias en la secreción y especificidad de los AcM. Estos resultados sugieren el empleo de ratones hibridos de primera generación OFBALB(F1) en la producción de grandes volúmenes de ascitis tumoral, con un considerable ahorro de animales y un sustancial incremento de la productividad de los mismos


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Male , Female , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Ascitic Fluid , Mice
8.
Interferón biotecnol ; 6(3): 251-7, sept.-dic. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-93469

ABSTRACT

La introducción de ADN foráneo en los primeros estadíos de desarrollo embrionario del ratón con vistas a obtener animales transgénicos, permite crear nuevos modelos animales para el estudio de enfermedades humanas. Con la finalidad de crear un modelo de portador sano del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), fueron microinyectados embriones unicelulares murinos con un plasmidio recombinante que contenía el genoma completo del VHB excepto el gen codificante para las proteínas del core viral, bajo el control del promotor propio del VHB. Se obtuvieron ratones transgénicos que presentaban integración y expresión del material génico viral. La expresión del gen del antígeno de superficie del VHB (HBsAg) fue cuantificada y se confirmó la segregación del transgen a la generación filial F1. Se concluye que estos ratones transgénicos pueden representar un modelo de portador asintomático de la hepatitis B.


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics , Gene Expression , Mice, Transgenic
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